Temere Animus

GR no. 173615| PNB v. Tejano, Jr.  October 16, 2009 Doctrines; Sound indeed is the rule that where the law is clear, plain and free from ambiguity, it must be given its literal meaning and applied without any interpretation or even construction. This is based on the presumption that the words employed therein correctly express its intent and preclude even the courts from giving it a different construction. (Verbal egis) It is binding rule, conformably with Article 4 of the Civil Code, that, generally, laws shall have only a prospective effect and must not be applied retroactively in such a way as to apply to pending disputes and cases. This is expressed in the familiar legal maxim lex prospicit, non respicit (the law looks forward and not backward.) Moreover, jurisdiction is conferred by no other source than law. Once jurisdiction is acquired, it continues until the case is finally terminated. The rule is that where a court has already obtained and is exercising jurisdiction over a...

The Statement of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALN) is an essential transparency tool in government accountability. Falsifying a SALN constitutes grave dishonesty , warranting dismissal from service and severe legal penalties. Legal Consequences of Falsifying SALN 📌 Grave Offense and Administrative Penalties ✔ Falsification of SALN is a form of dishonesty —a grave offense punishable by dismissal . ✔ Consequences include: Immediate dismissal , even for a first offense. Forfeiture of retirement benefits , except accrued leave credits. Perpetual disqualification from reemployment in government service . 📌 Reasoning Behind Strict Enforcement ✔ False declarations in SALNs damage government integrity and violate principles of accountability . ✔ The fabrication of official records undermines public trust . 📌 Relevant Case: Casimiro vs. Rigor (G.R. No. 206661, 2014) Case Digest: Casimiro vs. Rigor Facts: In 2005 , the Office of the Ombudsman (OMB) conducted a lifestyl...